2019-06-28 02:25:25 source: 《文化交流》:卢文丽
不久前,应中国作家协会、爱尔兰蒙斯特文学中心和法国“潘多拉空间”诗歌协会邀请,我随中国诗人代表团赴爱尔兰科克、法国里昂参加两国文学节,与当地观众近距离接触,在国际舞台上讲述中国故事。
都柏林,徜徉在文学之城
这是我第三次应中国作协之邀参加国外文学交流,第一次是2010年随中国作家代表团参加日中韩文学论坛,团长是中国作家协会主席铁凝,副团长是莫言。第二次是2014年随中国作家代表团访问波兰、匈牙利,团长是《人民的名义》作者周梅森。此行的中国诗人代表团团长是中国作协副主席、书记处书记吉狄马加,同行的是中国社科院外文所副研究员树才、北京师范大学特聘教授西川、重庆作协副主席冉冉、我,以及中国作协外联部干部靳柳悦。
爱尔兰素有“翡翠岛国”之称,自然环境保护得很好,面积不大,却孕育了许多世界级文学巨匠,《尤利西斯》作者乔伊斯、剧作家萧伯纳,以及诺贝尔文学奖得主叶芝、谢默斯·希尼都是爱尔兰人。首都都柏林更是奥斯卡·王尔德、塞缪尔·贝克特和萧伯纳的故乡,被联合国教科文组织命名为“文学之城”。
“意识流文学之父”詹姆士·乔伊斯在其《尤利西斯》中,以近千页的宏伟篇幅,记录了主人公爱尔兰小人物利奥波德·布鲁姆于6月16日这一天在都柏林街头游荡的生活。乔伊斯曾戏言:“如果有一天都柏林被毁,人们可以根据我的小说一砖一瓦地重建。”为纪念乔伊斯,都柏林在每年6月16日设立布鲁姆日,来自世界各地的乔伊斯粉丝聚在一起,一边讨论《尤利西斯》,一边吃“布鲁姆风格”的早餐。
帕奈尔广场,是爱尔兰作家中心、爱尔兰诗歌组织等各文学机构的集结地。在拜访作家中心后,我们来到爱尔兰诗歌组织,与该组织负责人莫林·肯内利女士进行了深入交谈。此组织是同时接受北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和国两个艺术委员会拨款的诗歌组织,在联合爱尔兰诗人、推广诗歌、发行诗歌专刊、资助地方诗歌节等方面发挥着重要作用。
之后,步行前往英国女王伊丽莎白一世于1591年创建的圣三一学院,参观了爱尔兰国宝《凯尔经》(Book of Kells),该书绘制于公元800年前后,内有四本拉丁文福音书的手抄本,装饰文字华丽,内容博大精深,令人叹为观止。
访问间隙,去了位于爱尔兰银行内的诺贝尔文学奖得主谢默思·希尼展馆,里面陈列着大量希尼的文献和实物资料及声音、录像。又去了诺贝尔文学奖得主威廉·巴特勒·叶芝纪念馆,馆内不但收集了叶芝的手稿、大量珍贵老照片,还收藏着叶芝的圆框眼镜和他的一撮灰头发。在一众老照片和画作中,令人印象深刻的是叶芝的墓志铭,也是其晚年作品《本布尔本山下》里的最后三句:“投出一道冷眼/向生,向死/骑士,策马向前!”
一条穿城而过的丽菲河将都柏林分成南北两部分,清澈的水使整个城市显得灵动且充满生机。我们抵达时,爱尔兰最盛大的节日——圣帕特里克节刚刚结束,沿途许多建筑、商场依然妆点着绿色,营造出节日气氛。无论是清晨圣殿酒吧区铺着鹅卵石的步行街,还是丽妃河上翱翔的神灵般的海鸥;无论是黄昏时凤凰公园美丽的草地、夕光中的十字架,还是日落后融化于城市灯光里梦幻般的古老建筑,都让人心驰神往,充满灵感。或许,正是这优美的风景、厚重的历史,才使爱尔兰孕育出如此众多的杰出作家、诗人和剧作家吧。
都柏林书店林立,很文艺,我们跟着西川逛书店、唱片店,每个人都有收获。我买了希尼和叶芝的诗集、詹姆士·乔伊斯小说《都柏林人》。在著名的Hodges Figgis书店,我买了一本英文版《唐诗三百首》。
在科克国际诗歌节,为杭州打Call
科克位于爱尔兰西南部。到达位于半山腰的Maldron Hotel酒店时,已是华灯初上时分,来自世界各地的诗人下榻于此。风很大,空气中闻得到大海的气息。在酒店,遇见中国青年诗人方商羊,这位小帅哥目前在美国米切纳作家中心留学,他荣获了本届科克国际诗歌节最高奖项——格雷戈里·奥多诺休国际诗歌奖。他乡遇故知,大家都为他高兴,喝了爱尔兰著名的黑啤Guinness,泡沫细腻,味道甘醇,入口有浓郁的麦芽发酵香气。
创办于2012年的科克国际诗歌节每年举办一次。来自爱尔兰、中国、美国、英国、波兰和爱沙尼亚的40余位诗人、诗歌期刊编辑和出版商,以及近2000名当地诗歌爱好者参加了本届诗歌节。
蒙斯特文学中心位于84 Douglas Street的一幢小楼,两层,有扇大红色小门,看上去像个消防局,原来,这儿是著名短篇小说家弗兰克·奥康纳的旧居。我们拜会了蒙斯特文学中心艺术主任帕特里克·科特及其他负责人,就接下来即将举行的两场朗诵活动进行了沟通。帕特里克把印刷精美的中国诗人诗歌手册发给我们,并提到此次受邀参加活动的中国诗人阵容强大,相信会给他国诗人和爱尔兰观众留下深刻印象。
当晚,在科克艺术剧院举办了吉狄马加专场诗歌朗诵会,吉狄马加现场朗诵了他的部分作品,并与同场朗诵的波兰著名诗人托马士·鲁日斯基就母语写作、诗歌形式与内容等主题进行了交流。
代表团还积极参加诗歌节期间的工作坊、各国诗人朗诵会,学习借鉴不同诗歌形式与朗诵风格,领略各国诗歌的音韵之美。
次日上午,科克市图书馆举办了“Four Chinese Poets”(四位中国诗人)朗诵会,现场座无虚席,四位诗人依次朗诵,我被安排在第一个。我用英语作了简短的开场白,自我介绍说自己来自中国南方城市杭州,杭州古老而美丽,盛产茶叶和丝绸,有一个美丽的西湖,诞生过很多神话和传说,在中国的唐代、宋代,有两位著名诗人当过“杭州市长”,他们的名字叫白居易、苏东坡。
作为一个诗人,我也为家乡写了许多诗,我用英语朗诵了《龙井问茶》,用中文朗诵了《九溪烟树》《长桥公园》,三首诗歌均取自我的《西湖印象诗100》。这100首吟咏歌颂西湖和杭州的诗篇,近年被翻译成英语、日语、韩语、法语等文字,这次,我继续为杭州、为西湖打Call。
之后,另外三位诗人相继登台,重庆作协副主席冉冉的重庆普通话诵读韵味深长。树才是浙江奉化人,当过中国驻塞内加尔外交官,用法语朗诵了自己的诗。压轴的西川更是出彩,一段中英文混搭的京腔Rap将现场气氛推向高潮,引得粉丝们阵阵喝彩。
爱尔兰诗人托马斯·麦卡锡在听完朗诵后说,四位诗人的风格各有千秋,让人回味无穷。
朗诵会后,众多诗歌爱好者请中国诗人签名留影,气氛友好热烈。一位穿灰色棒针毛衣的白须老者向我走来,自我介绍说他叫吉恩,本地人,非常喜欢中国诗歌,说着递给我一本青花瓷封面的书,白底上的蓝色书名十分醒目:《Chinese Poems》。我注意到这是一本1961年出版的诗集,译者是Arthur Waley,书里还夹着许多小纸条。吉恩告诉我这本诗集陪他30多年了,里面有我刚才提到的白居易和苏东坡的诗。吉恩没到过中国,他说是诗歌把我们联系在了一起。
托马斯·麦卡锡在见面会上对新华社记者说,他很喜欢中国诗歌和中国诗人,希望能有更多中国诗歌被翻译成外文推向世界。
次日,我们在手机上看到新华社对我们此行的报道——《中国诗人在爱尔兰科克国际诗歌节上备受关注》。
在里昂,姐妹同台朗诵
里昂始建于公元前43年,在罗马帝国时期曾是高卢都城。里昂是中国古代丝绸之路在西方的终点,也是中国丝绸产品在欧洲的集散中心。在里昂,我们拜访了里昂“魅力春天”诗歌节艺术主任、“潘多拉空间”诗歌协会主任蒂埃里·勒纳尔先生,他介绍了每年春天在法国举行的“魅力春天”诗歌节系列活动,欢迎中国诗人在诗歌节即将结束之际为诗歌节注入新的活力。
中国诗人欢迎会的主持人为前市长、诗人安德里亚·伊阿科维拉,他热烈欢迎中国诗人代表团的到来,并且强调近距离地接触中国诗人、聆听中国声音非常有意义。欢迎会上,法国艺术家们呈上了精彩的太极表演,吉狄马加和西川在致辞后朗诵了诗作,他们的法文译作由法国诗人朗诵,赢得了阵阵掌声。
招待会结束已近下午四点,我们赶往坐落于里昂古城的新中法大学。1921年创立的里昂中法大学,石堡城门上用汉字和法文镌刻的“中法大学”的石匾依然清晰可见。进了大门,就可以看到一座蔡元培、戴望舒等十名中国学生的青铜像。1919年至1920年间,先后有20批1700多中国人到法国留学,包括周恩来、邓小平、陈毅等。
该校校长阿兰·拉帕介绍,由于经费困难,里昂中法大学在1951年停办。沉寂近30年后,1980年,该校以里昂中法学院之名重获“新生”,专门为已有大学学历并从事某项专业工作的人提供短期进修、深造机会。2014年,该校再次更名为里昂新中法大学。它既是对当年历史的见证,更是中法友谊的延续。
我们参加了艺术家里奥纳尔·萨巴坦“花落知多少”雕塑展开幕式,展馆陈列墙上,镶嵌着戴望舒、潘玉良、常书鸿的成绩单。
在诗歌朗诵环节,我邀请妹妹同台朗诵了《从来都没有多余的事物》《现在让我们谈谈爱情》这两首诗,我念中文,妹妹念法文,姐妹搭档,殊为难得。为了见上一面,妹妹带着两个可爱的孩子,专程从巴黎坐了三小时火车到里昂来看望我。
爱尔兰和法国是有着悠久文学历史和众多文学大师的国度,文学氛围浓厚。此次出访,与当地观众近距离接触,在国际舞台上传播了中国声音,讲述了中国故事,让外国读者领略了中国诗歌的音韵之美。我们还积极参加诗歌节期间的工作坊、各国诗人朗诵会,学习了解不同诗歌形式与朗诵风格,领略各国诗歌的音韵之美,开阔了视野,增进了交流,为今后的写作提供了养分,可谓受益匪浅。
My Visit to the City of Literature
Invited by China Writers Association, Munster Literary Centre of Ireland and “Pandora Space” Poem Association of France, I joined a delegation of Chinese poets in March of this year to take part in the literary festivals held in Cork (in Ireland) and Lyon (in France), where the delegation contributed to the vibrant literary carnival by sharing China stories with literary enthusiasts from all over the world.
This was my third time participating in such an exciting cultural exchange program. The first time was in 2010, with the delegation led by Tie Ning, Chair of China Writers Association, and Mo Yan, the Nobel Prize laureate. In 2014, I visited Poland and Hungary as a member of a delegation of Chinese writers and poets. This time, Dublin was the focus of our visit to Ireland and France. It gave me the deepest impression. A UNESCO City of Literature, Dublin, the capital city of Ireland, produced a galaxy of literature giants such as Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde and Samuel Beckett. The literary glory of Ireland also draws flair from W.B. Yeats.
Bloomsday is an annual worldwide celebration of James Joyce’s epic novel. Named for Leopold Bloom, the protagonist of, Bloomsday is celebrated on June 16 by the novelist’s fans coming from all corners of the world to relive the charm of and the literary magnificence of Irish heritage by taking part in various cultural events and enjoying a “Bloom breakfast”. The entire novel records what the protagonist saw and his random thoughts in a whole day’s aimless loitering in Dublin. I regretted that I was about three months too soon in Dublin.
Our “literature promenade” in Dublin brought us to a host of interesting destinations such as Parnell Square, Ireland Writers Centre, and various other literary establishments. A talk with the director of the Irish Poetry Society turned out more inspiring than expected.
At Trinity College Dublin, we admired the magnificent Book of Kells, written about 800 years ago and the centerpiece of Trinity College’s Old Library & Long Room tour, a must see for anyone visiting Dublin. The depth of the content of the book, together with its lavish binding and layout, is awe-inspiring.
We also managed to find time for a visit to the exhibition of the Nobel Literature Prize winner and “Irish literary legend”, Seamus Heaney, at the Bank of Ireland Cultural Space. At the W.B. Yeats Museum, the epitaph of the man, widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the 20th century and the first Irishman honored with a Nobel Prize in Literature, filled the heart of everyone with heavenly sentiments. The epitaph was taken from the last lines of his :
Cast a cold eye
On life, on death.
Horseman, pass by!
When we landed in Dublin, the festivity of St. Patrick’s Day, Ireland’s national day and a world party, had just rung down the curtain. The festival atmosphere was still lingering. Everything, from the city’s cobblestone pedestrian streets, the seagulls spreading wings on the River Liffey that flows through the center of Dublin, to the Phoenix Park, the largest enclosed public park in any capital city in Europe, and the mesmerizing silhouettes of age-old architecture, is a strong reminder of the national spirit and engaging romanticism of Ireland.
Strewn with bookstores and CD stores, Dublin is also a paradise for book lovers. I went back to the hotel with an English version of bought from the world-famous Hodges Figgis.
Maldron Hotel, nestled on the hillside in southwestern Ireland, is a favorite accommodation option for poets coming from all over the world for a pilgrimage in the City of Literature. When we arrived there, the evening lights were lit and the gusts from the sea poured in. We chanced upon Fang Shangyang, a young poet from China. He was there for the awarding ceremony of the Gregory O’Donoghue International Poetry Award, the highest award of the Cork International Poetry Festival, held annually since 2012. This year’s gathering drew the participation of about 2,000 local poetry enthusiasts and more than 40 poets, editors, and publishers from Ireland, China, America, UK, Poland and the Republic of Estonia. The Gregory O’Donoghue International Poetry Competition gives poetry writers a chance to win €1000 for a single poem.
We also paid a visit to the former residence of Frank O’Connor, Irish playwright, novelist, and short-story writer, located at No. 84 Douglas Street.
At the “Four Chinese Poets” special session held at the Cork Library, I introduced myself in English and took the opportunity to introduce Hangzhou, where I am from, to the audience by sharing my Hangzhou-themed poems. I read three poems about Hangzhou, one in English and two in Chinese.
After the session, an old man in a gray sweater approached me, introducing himself as Gene, with a book in his hand. “I love Chinese poems,” he told me, showing me the book titled “Chinese Poems”. A closer look showed the translator of the poems was Arthur Waley and the book was published in 1961. Author Waley was an English orientalist and sinologist who achieved both popular and scholarly acclaim for his translations of Chinese and Japanese poetry.
“I never got tired of reading it,” he pointed at the sticky notes in the book. “I’ve never been to China, but I learned a lot about China by reading poems.”
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